Lay Shingles in a Valley: Step-by-Step (2024)

Roof valleys, critical junctures where two roof planes meet, require meticulous shingle installation to prevent leaks and ensure weather resistance. The Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers Association (ARMA) provides guidelines for best practices in shingle application, including valley treatments. Among the various techniques, the woven valley method is often favored by contractors due to its streamlined appearance and effective water shedding capabilities. CertainTeed, a leading manufacturer of roofing materials, offers specific shingles designed to enhance valley performance. Homeowners frequently search for instructions on how to lay shingles in a valley, seeking to understand the process or undertake the project themselves using tools like a roofing nailer.

Roof valleys are arguably among the most vulnerable points on any roof structure. They represent the intersection where two sloping roof planes meet, forming a channel that directs rainwater and debris away from the building's interior.

Properly installed and maintained valleys are absolutely critical to preventing water intrusion and ensuring the longevity of the entire roofing system.

Defining the Roof Valley: Function and Vulnerability

A roof valley's primary function is to efficiently channel water runoff from the roof. Without a properly designed and executed valley, water can pool, stagnate, and eventually penetrate the roofing materials. This leads to leaks, which can cause significant damage to the underlying structure, including:

• Wood rot
• Mold growth
• Compromised structural integrity

The valley is particularly vulnerable because it handles a higher volume of water than other roof areas. It is also subject to accelerated wear and tear from the constant flow of water and the accumulation of debris.

The Critical Importance of Waterproofing

Inadequate waterproofing in a roof valley is a recipe for disaster. Water infiltration can lead to costly repairs, health hazards, and a diminished lifespan for the roof itself.

Effective waterproofing is achieved through a combination of factors, including:

• Proper flashing installation
• The use of high-quality underlayment materials
• Correct shingle overlap

Skipping steps or using substandard materials is never advisable. The long-term consequences of water damage far outweigh any perceived short-term cost savings.

Scope: Asphalt Shingle Valley Installation

This editorial focuses specifically on the installation of valleys using asphalt shingles.

Asphalt shingles remain a popular roofing choice due to their affordability, versatility, and ease of installation. However, achieving a watertight valley with asphalt shingles requires careful attention to detail and adherence to best practices.

This piece serves as a critical guide, outlining the essential materials, techniques, and safety considerations for ensuring a durable and leak-free asphalt shingle valley.

Essential Materials for Asphalt Shingle Valley Installation

Roof valleys are arguably among the most vulnerable points on any roof structure. They represent the intersection where two sloping roof planes meet, forming a channel that directs rainwater and debris away from the building's interior.

Properly installed and maintained valleys are absolutely critical to preventing water intrusion and ensuring the longevity of the roofing system. Selecting the right materials is paramount to achieving both durability and weather resistance. This section details the essential materials required for a robust asphalt shingle valley installation.

Asphalt Shingles: Choosing the Right Type

While the same asphalt shingles used on the main roof field are typically employed in the valleys, it’s important to consider their quality and suitability. Dimensional or architectural shingles, with their increased thickness and varied appearance, offer enhanced protection compared to traditional three-tab shingles.

They provide a more robust barrier against water flow.

Consider the color and style of the shingles to ensure they complement the overall aesthetic of the roof. The choice should also factor in the roof's pitch and the local climate conditions, as some shingles are better suited for steeper slopes or areas with heavy rainfall.

Valley Flashing: The Backbone of Waterproofing

Valley flashing forms the primary defense against water penetration. It is installed beneath the shingles to direct water away from the roof deck. Several materials are available, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages.

Metal Valley Flashing: A Comparison

Metal flashing is the most common and reliable choice for valley applications. The type of metal selected impacts the lifespan and performance of the valley.

Aluminum Flashing: Cost-Effective Protection

Aluminum flashing is a budget-friendly option that provides decent corrosion resistance. Its lightweight nature makes it easy to handle and install. However, aluminum is susceptible to denting and bending, which can compromise its effectiveness over time, especially in areas prone to hail or falling debris.

Galvanized Steel Flashing: Balancing Durability and Cost

Galvanized steel offers greater strength than aluminum. The galvanization process provides a protective zinc coating to prevent rust. Rust can still occur over time, particularly in areas with high humidity or exposure to saltwater. Regular inspection and maintenance are necessary to ensure its continued performance.

Copper Flashing: A Premium, Long-Lasting Solution

Copper flashing is the gold standard for valley protection. It is exceptionally durable and naturally resistant to corrosion. Copper develops a distinctive patina over time, which enhances its aesthetic appeal.

While copper is a significant investment, its longevity and minimal maintenance requirements often make it a cost-effective choice in the long run.

Stainless Steel Flashing: Ultimate Durability

Stainless steel flashing provides exceptional strength and resistance to rust and corrosion. It's a premium option known for its longevity. Stainless steel maintains its structural integrity and appearance over many years. Stainless steel offers superior performance where durability is paramount.

Self-Adhering Membrane (Ice and Water Shield): Enhanced Protection

Self-adhering membrane, often referred to as ice and water shield, provides an extra layer of waterproofing protection. This membrane is applied directly to the roof deck beneath the valley flashing.

It creates a watertight seal that prevents water from penetrating the roof structure. It is particularly important in regions prone to ice dams or heavy snow. The membrane should extend beyond the valley edges to provide comprehensive coverage.

Underlayment (Felt Paper or Synthetic): An Additional Moisture Barrier

Underlayment serves as a secondary moisture barrier, protecting the roof deck from any water that might bypass the shingles and flashing. Traditional felt paper has been used for decades, but synthetic underlayments are becoming increasingly popular.

Synthetic underlayments are lighter, more durable, and offer better water resistance than felt paper.

Roofing Nails: Secure Fastening

Selecting the correct type of roofing nails is crucial for securing the shingles and flashing. Nails should be long enough to penetrate the roof deck. They also must have a wide head to prevent pull-through. Corrosion-resistant nails, such as galvanized or stainless steel, are essential to prevent rust and ensure long-term performance.

Roofing Cement: Sealing and Securing

Roofing cement is used to seal shingle edges and flashing, providing an additional barrier against water intrusion. It is particularly important in areas where shingles are cut or trimmed around the valley. Use roofing cement sparingly. Apply it to create a watertight seal without creating unsightly globs.

Key Concepts and Techniques for Valley Installation

Roof valleys are arguably among the most vulnerable points on any roof structure. They represent the intersection where two sloping roof planes meet, forming a channel that directs rainwater and debris away from the building's interior.

Properly installed and maintained valleys are absolutely critical for preventing leaks, water damage, and subsequent structural issues. Mastering essential installation techniques is therefore paramount to ensuring a durable and weathertight roofing system.

Understanding Valley Types: Open, Closed-Cut, and Woven

The selection of the appropriate valley type is not arbitrary; it is a calculated decision influenced by roof pitch, aesthetic preferences, and expected weather conditions. Each method offers distinct advantages and disadvantages that must be carefully considered.

Open Valley: Prioritizing Water Flow

The open valley is characterized by exposed metal flashing running down the center of the valley. Shingles are trimmed back a few inches from the flashing on either side, leaving a clear channel for water flow.

This approach is particularly effective in regions with heavy rainfall or snowfall, as it allows for unimpeded water runoff and reduces the risk of ice dam formation.

However, the exposed flashing can be less aesthetically pleasing to some homeowners.

Closed-Cut Valley: Balancing Aesthetics and Protection

The closed-cut valley offers a more integrated appearance. One side of the valley is shingled over the other, and then the shingles on the overlapping side are cut in a straight line along the valley's centerline.

This method provides a cleaner, more uniform look.

However, it can be more prone to leaks if not executed with precision, as water can be forced underneath the cut shingles.

Proper sealing and flashing are essential for a successful closed-cut installation.

Woven Valley: A Traditional Approach

The woven valley involves interlacing shingles from both sides of the roof in the valley itself. This creates a textured, visually appealing finish.

However, woven valleys are generally recommended only for roofs with a moderate pitch, as they can struggle to effectively shed water on shallower slopes.

They also tend to collect debris more readily than open valleys, requiring more frequent maintenance.

Mastering Flashing Techniques

Flashing is the cornerstone of valley waterproofing. It provides a continuous barrier against water intrusion.

Proper flashing techniques are non-negotiable, irrespective of the chosen valley type.

Step flashing, typically used along walls and chimneys, can be adapted for valley applications to provide layered protection.

Self-adhering membrane, also known as ice and water shield, should always be applied beneath the flashing for an extra layer of defense.

Ensure sufficient overlap of the flashing material to prevent water from seeping underneath.

The Importance of Shingle Offset/Stagger

Shingle offset, also known as stagger, refers to the arrangement of shingles in each course relative to the course below.

This staggered pattern is crucial for preventing water from finding a direct path through the roof. By offsetting the shingle joints, water is forced to flow across the surface of the shingles, rather than straight down through any gaps.

Maintaining a consistent and appropriate offset is a fundamental aspect of proper shingle installation.

Headlap and Exposure: The Keys to Weather Resistance

Headlap refers to the amount of overlap between successive courses of shingles. It’s the unseen protective layer that keeps water out.

Adequate headlap ensures that each shingle is covered by at least two layers of material, providing a robust barrier against moisture penetration.

Exposure is the amount of the shingle that is left exposed to the elements. It dictates the aesthetic and protective qualities of the roof.

Incorrect exposure can compromise the roof's weather resistance and shorten its lifespan. Always adhere to the manufacturer's recommendations for headlap and exposure.

Adhering to Local Building Codes: A Non-Negotiable Requirement

Local building codes are not mere suggestions; they are legally binding requirements designed to ensure the safety and structural integrity of buildings.

These codes often specify minimum standards for valley installation, including flashing requirements, shingle overlap, and acceptable materials.

Failure to comply with local building codes can result in costly rework, fines, and potential liability issues. Always consult with your local building department before commencing any roofing project to ensure full compliance.

Essential Tools and Equipment for the Job

Successfully installing asphalt shingle valleys requires more than just skill and technique; it demands the right tools. Having the appropriate equipment ensures accuracy, boosts efficiency, and, most importantly, guarantees safety during the project.

From precise cutting instruments to essential safety gear, understanding the purpose and proper use of each tool is crucial. Let's delve into the arsenal needed for a successful valley installation.

Cutting and Shaping Tools

Precise cuts are paramount for properly fitting shingles and flashing within the valley. Several tools facilitate this task.

• Utility Knife: A high-quality utility knife with a sharp, replaceable blade is indispensable. It allows for clean and controlled cuts when trimming shingles to fit the valley angle. Always use a fresh blade for optimal performance and safety.

• Tin Snips (Metal Snips): When working with metal flashing, tin snips are essential. These specialized shears enable you to accurately shape and cut the flashing to the required dimensions for a watertight seal.

Fastening Tools

Securing the shingles and flashing properly is critical for preventing leaks and ensuring the roof's structural integrity.

• Hammer: A standard claw hammer is necessary for manually driving roofing nails. Choose a hammer with a comfortable grip and appropriate weight for efficient and accurate nail placement.

• Nail Gun (Roofing Nailer): While optional, a roofing nailer significantly speeds up the installation process. These tools use compressed air to drive nails with consistent depth and placement, reducing fatigue and improving efficiency. Ensure the nail gun is set to the correct pressure to avoid overdriving or underdriving the nails.

Measurement and Alignment Tools

Accuracy is key to a professional-looking and long-lasting installation.

• Chalk Line: A chalk line is used to create straight, visible lines for aligning shingles and flashing. Snapping a chalk line ensures that each course is consistent, contributing to a neat and professional finish.

• Measuring Tape: Accurate measurements are essential for cutting shingles and flashing to the correct size. A durable measuring tape with clear markings is a must-have for any roofing project.

Safety Equipment: Prioritizing Your Well-being

Roofing work is inherently dangerous, and safety should always be the top priority.

• Safety Glasses: Protecting your eyes from debris and flying objects is crucial. Always wear safety glasses when cutting, nailing, or otherwise working on the roof.

• Work Gloves: Gloves provide a better grip and protect your hands from sharp edges, rough surfaces, and roofing cement. Choose gloves that are durable and provide adequate dexterity.

Fall Protection

Falls are a leading cause of injury in the construction industry. Never compromise on fall protection.

• Roofing Harness/Safety Rope: A roofing harness and safety rope system is essential for preventing falls. Properly anchor the harness to a secure point and ensure the rope is in good condition.

Roof Access

Gaining safe access to the roof is paramount.

• Ladder: A sturdy ladder of appropriate height is necessary for accessing the roof. Ensure the ladder is placed on a stable surface and angled correctly.

• Ladder Stabilizer: A ladder stabilizer provides added stability and prevents the ladder from slipping or damaging gutters. This simple device significantly enhances safety when working at heights.

Prioritizing Safety During Installation

Successfully installing asphalt shingle valleys requires more than just skill and technique; it demands a steadfast commitment to safety. Working at elevated heights inherently presents risks, making rigorous adherence to safety protocols non-negotiable. This section focuses on critical safety considerations, emphasizing the use of fall protection equipment, safe ladder practices, and proactive awareness to prevent accidents and injuries during roof work.

The Imperative of Fall Protection

Falls are a leading cause of serious injuries and fatalities in the construction industry, making fall protection paramount for anyone working on a roof. A comprehensive fall protection system is not merely a suggestion; it is an indispensable safeguard against potentially life-altering incidents.

Roofing Harness and Safety Rope: Your Lifeline

A properly fitted roofing harness, connected to a secure anchor point via a safety rope or lanyard, is the cornerstone of any effective fall protection strategy. This system arrests a fall in progress, mitigating the impact and preventing the worker from hitting the ground.

The selection and use of a harness demand careful attention. It must be appropriately sized for the individual, inspected for damage before each use, and connected to an anchor point capable of withstanding the force of a fall. The anchor point should ideally be a professionally installed, certified anchor, or a structurally sound component of the building, verified by a qualified professional.

Ignoring these precautions is akin to willingly relinquishing your safety, exposing yourself to unacceptable levels of risk. Never compromise on the quality or proper utilization of your fall protection system.

Mastering Safe Ladder Practices

Ladders, while seemingly straightforward, pose significant hazards if used improperly. A stable and correctly positioned ladder is crucial for safe access to the roof and for performing tasks at height.

Pre-Use Ladder Inspection: A Critical First Step

Before each use, thoroughly inspect the ladder for any signs of damage, including cracks, bends, loose rungs, or worn safety feet. A compromised ladder should be immediately taken out of service and either repaired by a qualified professional or replaced.

Proper Ladder Setup and Angle

The ladder’s angle is paramount for stability. The 4-to-1 rule—placing the base of the ladder one foot away from the wall for every four feet of height—is a widely recognized guideline. Ensure the ladder extends at least three feet above the roofline to provide a secure handhold for transitioning onto and off the roof.

Ladder Stability and Securing Techniques

Securing the ladder at both the top and bottom is crucial. Ladder stabilizers, which attach to the top of the ladder and rest against the building, provide added stability and prevent sideways movement. At the base, ensure the ladder is placed on a firm, level surface. Using ladder levelers on uneven ground is essential to prevent tipping.

Maintaining Three Points of Contact

Always maintain three points of contact—either two hands and one foot, or two feet and one hand—while climbing or working on a ladder. This principle ensures a stable and balanced position, reducing the risk of slips and falls. Avoid carrying heavy or bulky items while climbing, as this can compromise your balance and stability.

General Awareness and Proactive Safety Measures

Beyond specific equipment and techniques, a proactive safety mindset is essential. This involves assessing the work environment for potential hazards and taking appropriate preventative measures.

Identifying and Mitigating Risks

Before starting any roof work, carefully assess the surrounding area for potential hazards, such as overhead power lines, slippery surfaces, or unstable roof sections. Communicate these risks to all workers and implement measures to mitigate them.

Weather Conditions: A Decisive Factor

Never work on a roof in adverse weather conditions, such as rain, snow, ice, or high winds. These conditions significantly increase the risk of slips, falls, and other accidents. Postpone the work until the weather improves and the roof is dry and stable.

Staying Hydrated and Alert

Working on a roof can be physically demanding, especially in hot weather. Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water and take frequent breaks to avoid fatigue. Fatigue can impair judgment and slow reaction times, increasing the risk of accidents.

By meticulously adhering to these safety guidelines, you can significantly reduce the risk of accidents and injuries, ensuring a safe and productive asphalt shingle valley installation. Safety is not merely a set of rules; it is a commitment to your well-being and the well-being of those around you.

Roles and Responsibilities: DIY vs. Professional Installation

Prioritizing Safety During Installation Successfully installing asphalt shingle valleys requires more than just skill and technique; it demands a steadfast commitment to safety. Working at elevated heights inherently presents risks, making rigorous adherence to safety protocols non-negotiable. This section focuses on critical safety considerations; it now moves into another crucial decision: whether to tackle the valley installation as a DIY project or enlist the expertise of a professional roofing contractor. This decision hinges on a careful evaluation of your skills, resources, and risk tolerance.

The Case for Professional Installation

Engaging a professional roofing contractor offers numerous advantages that often outweigh the upfront cost. Their experience is invaluable, ensuring the job is done right the first time, minimizing the risk of leaks and costly repairs down the line.

Expertise and Efficiency

Professional roofing contractors possess specialized knowledge and skills acquired through years of experience. They are well-versed in the intricacies of asphalt shingle valley installation, including proper flashing techniques, shingle alignment, and adherence to local building codes. Their familiarity with these details allows them to complete the project efficiently and effectively.

Warranty and Liability

A significant benefit of hiring a professional is the warranty they typically offer on their workmanship. This warranty provides peace of mind, knowing that any defects or issues arising from their installation will be promptly addressed.

Furthermore, professional contractors carry liability insurance, protecting you from potential financial burdens if accidents or injuries occur on your property during the project. This is a critical consideration, as DIY projects can expose homeowners to significant liability risks.

Access to Specialized Tools and Equipment

Professional roofing contractors have access to specialized tools and equipment that may not be readily available or affordable for homeowners. These tools enhance efficiency, precision, and safety during the installation process. Attempting to perform the job without the proper tools can compromise the quality of the installation and increase the risk of accidents.

The DIY Approach: Considerations for Homeowners

While professional installation offers distinct advantages, some homeowners may choose to tackle the project themselves to save money or gain a sense of accomplishment. However, DIY asphalt shingle valley installation requires careful planning, preparation, and a realistic assessment of your capabilities.

Skill Assessment and Preparation

Before embarking on a DIY installation, honestly evaluate your roofing skills and experience. Are you comfortable working at heights? Do you have a solid understanding of roofing principles and techniques? Can you accurately measure and cut shingles?

Thoroughly research the installation process, consult instructional videos, and familiarize yourself with local building codes. Gather all necessary tools and materials before starting the project to avoid delays and frustration.

Safety First

Safety should be your top priority when undertaking a DIY roofing project. Invest in appropriate safety gear, including a roofing harness, safety rope, and non-slip footwear. Follow safe ladder practices and avoid working in adverse weather conditions. Enlist the help of a friend or family member to provide assistance and act as a spotter.

Potential Pitfalls

Be aware of the potential pitfalls of DIY installation. Mistakes can lead to leaks, structural damage, and costly repairs. Incorrect flashing, improper shingle alignment, or inadequate waterproofing can compromise the integrity of your roof and shorten its lifespan. Furthermore, DIY installations may void manufacturer warranties on roofing materials.

When to Call a Professional

Even if you plan to handle some aspects of the project yourself, recognize when it's time to call a professional. Complex roof geometries, extensive damage, or uncertainty about any stage of the installation process warrant expert assistance. Consulting a professional early on can prevent costly mistakes and ensure a successful outcome.

Staying Current: Considerations for Asphalt Shingle Valley Installation in 2024

Successfully installing asphalt shingle valleys requires more than just skill and technique; it demands a steadfast commitment to safety. Working at elevated heights inherently presents risks, making rigorous adherence to safety protocols non-negotiable. As we move into 2024, another critical element for successful and compliant valley installations is staying informed about the latest building codes, material innovations, and best practices. Neglecting this aspect can lead to costly rework, safety hazards, and ultimately, a compromised roofing system.

The Imperative of Updated Building Codes

Building codes aren't static; they evolve to reflect new understandings of material performance, weather patterns, and safety concerns. What was acceptable even a few years ago might now be outdated, or even illegal, due to amendments based on emerging data.

Failing to comply with current codes isn't just a technicality; it's a potential liability issue.

If an installation doesn't meet the required standards, it could void warranties, complicate insurance claims, and create significant risks in the event of a failure.

Navigating Code Changes

Staying abreast of these changes requires a proactive approach. Here’s how to effectively navigate the evolving landscape of building codes:

• Consult Local Authorities: Regularly check with your local building department for updates and clarifications. Websites, newsletters, and training sessions are valuable resources.

• Industry Associations: Organizations like the National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA) and similar regional bodies provide access to code information, best practices, and continuing education opportunities.

• Material Manufacturers: Reputable shingle and flashing manufacturers often offer guidance on code-compliant installation techniques specific to their products.

• Continuing Education: Roofing professionals should invest in ongoing training to stay current with code changes and new installation methods.

Material Innovations and Best Practices

Beyond code updates, the roofing industry is continually innovating. New materials with enhanced durability, weather resistance, and ease of installation are constantly emerging.

• Advanced Flashing Materials: Consider newer flashing options that offer superior corrosion resistance and longevity compared to traditional materials.

• Self-Sealing Underlayments: Explore the benefits of advanced self-sealing underlayments for enhanced waterproofing in vulnerable valley areas.

• Improved Shingle Designs: Be aware of changes in shingle designs that may affect overlap requirements or fastening techniques.

The Intersection of Codes, Materials, and Installation

It’s crucial to remember that codes, materials, and installation techniques are intertwined. A seemingly minor change in one area can have a ripple effect on the others.

For instance, a new code requirement for wind uplift resistance might necessitate the use of specific types of shingles and modified fastening patterns. Ignoring this interconnectedness can lead to installations that are technically compliant but still vulnerable to premature failure.

Long-Term Benefits of Compliance

While staying updated requires effort, the benefits far outweigh the costs. Code-compliant installations provide peace of mind, enhance the lifespan of the roofing system, and protect the property from potential damage.

In 2024, a commitment to staying current is not just a best practice; it's a fundamental requirement for responsible and successful asphalt shingle valley installation.

So, there you have it! Laying shingles in a valley might seem a little tricky at first, but by following these steps, you'll be tackling those tricky roof angles like a pro in no time. Remember to take your time, double-check your work, and enjoy the satisfaction of a job well done. Happy roofing!